{"id":639,"date":"2014-12-08T17:07:32","date_gmt":"2014-12-08T23:07:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.on-school.com\/blog\/?p=639"},"modified":"2015-01-20T17:24:30","modified_gmt":"2015-01-20T23:24:30","slug":"las-matematicas-como-comprension-conceptual","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.on-school.com\/blog\/las-matematicas-como-comprension-conceptual\/","title":{"rendered":"Las Matem\u00e1ticas como comprensi\u00f3n conceptual"},"content":{"rendered":"

Para Bruner, la ense\u00f1anza se basa en su teor\u00eda del desarrollo conceptual. La ense\u00f1anza lleva una secuencia hasta formar una estructura o concepto fundamental que posteriormente permitir\u00e1 hacer una generalizaci\u00f3n al individuo.<\/p>\n

El producto final de la ense\u00f1anza s\u00f3lo es relevante cuando es recuperado de la memoria cuando \u00e9ste es necesario en base a los conocimientos previos.<\/p>\n

\"Desarrollo<\/a>
Desarrollo Conceptual<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Para un proceso de ense\u00f1anza, Bruner habla de los tres modos de representaci\u00f3n y de c\u00f3mo cualquier problema o situaci\u00f3n se puede representar de una forma lo suficientemente sencilla como para que cualquier estudiante lo comprenda. Si el intelecto se desarrolla en un orden enactivo-ic\u00f3nico-simb\u00f3lico, entonces los conceptos se deben ense\u00f1ar en dicho orden.<\/p>\n

Enactiva: es el primer nivel de representaci\u00f3n y se da cuando existe una respuesta motriz adecuada.<\/p>\n

Ic\u00f3nica: Es una representaci\u00f3n por medio de im\u00e1genes mentales de una determinada situaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Simb\u00f3lico: Es la etapa final y se da cuando la persona adquiere un nivel de competencia ling\u00fc\u00edstica que le permite referir s\u00edmbolos a situaciones concretas. De este modo, el aprendizaje va siendo cada vez m\u00e1s abstracto y se van formando estructuras y conceptos.<\/p>\n

Dienes era un profesor de matem\u00e1ticas y trabaj\u00f3 con Bruner para lograr establecer una relaci\u00f3n con la psicolog\u00eda. Dienes busca dise\u00f1ar una ense\u00f1anza significativa que tome en cuanta las estructuras y las capacidades del estudiante. Dienes concibe la ense\u00f1anza como algo que cada individuo construye en relaci\u00f3n a su entorno y a lo que se le pueda facilitar en materiales para representar estructuras.<\/p>\n

El material did\u00e1ctico es muy importante para \u00e9l como un medio de representar y materializar estructuras. Materiales dise\u00f1ados para la ense\u00f1anza orientada hacia la estructura, para primero familiarizar a los estudiantes con conceptos, permitiendo pasar de lo concreto a lo abstracto. A tal efecto, Dienes dise\u00f1\u00f3 los bloques aritm\u00e9ticos multibase o bloques de Dienes como una forma de representar sistemas en diferentes bases. Otro ejemplo lo tenemos en los bloques l\u00f3gicos o de atributos.<\/p>\n

Para Dienes, el aprendizaje se da en un ciclo, siguiendo una secuencia de actividades para pasar de lo concreto a lo simb\u00f3lico. El ciclo empieza con un juego libre donde se permite a los alumnos manipular los materiales, de este punto se pasa a la etapa de juego estructurado, en la cual se establecen ciertos l\u00edmites y reglas y donde se aprende a discriminar lo irrelevante de acuerdo a las experiencias propias. Finalmente el alumno debe ser animado a que abstraiga sus propias estructuras y asocie s\u00edmbolos a los conceptos desarrollados.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Para Bruner, la ense\u00f1anza se basa en su teor\u00eda del desarrollo conceptual. La ense\u00f1anza lleva una secuencia hasta formar una estructura o concepto fundamental que posteriormente permitir\u00e1 hacer una generalizaci\u00f3n al individuo. El producto final de la ense\u00f1anza s\u00f3lo es relevante cuando es recuperado de la memoria cuando \u00e9ste es necesario en base a los […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":640,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[326],"tags":[688,687,694,691,692,164,690,693,689],"class_list":["post-639","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-estrategias-del-aprendizaje-y-ensenanza","tag-bruner","tag-comprension-conceptual","tag-dienes","tag-enactiva","tag-iconica","tag-matematicas-2","tag-proceso-de-ensenanza","tag-simbolico","tag-teoria-del-desarrollo-conceptual"],"yoast_head":"\nLas Matem\u00e1ticas como comprensi\u00f3n conceptual - 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